Human Noise Pollution on Whitetail Deer Population Essay Example

Human Noise Pollution on Whitetail Deer Population Paper This in turn is causing noise pollution, which is unwanted harmful noise, as from automobiles, airplanes, and industrial work places, which are nearby to the deforested area. With that being said what is the effect of, Human Noise Pollution on Whitetail Deer Populations. Human noise Pollution on Whitetail Deer Populations is an important topic to discuss because with the extra noise coming off construction sites, roadways, and housing structures that are located neat woodland area, there is an increase in the amount of vehicular accidents related to Whitetail deer due to the stress from the excess noise pollution. This is what happened in an article found about how many immunities were trying to regulate the deer populations (Swisher Domenici, 1997). The research hypothesis for this experiment is that if there is a substantial amount of human population noise in a given area, then the number of Whitetail deer in that area will be lower. By contrast, the null hypothesis for statistical testing will be that noise from human population has no effect in the number of Whitetail deer in the area. Throughout this research the assumptions will be that the weather does not affect the way Who detail deer move, that other sounds originating from rarefy neighborhoods do not affect them and that every deer seen in the photographs count as on deer. In this research there will not be any Clover Traps, which are traps that are big enough to hold a fully grown mature deer (Miller and Denying, (2010). There will only be a Wildlife Infrared Extreme trail camera, which is used to capture images of wildlife, in this case it is the Whitetail deer population. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Noise Pollution on Whitetail Deer Population specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Human Noise Pollution on Whitetail Deer Population specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Human Noise Pollution on Whitetail Deer Population specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This experiment will not use bait to lure the Whitetail deer towards the camera (Hecklers and Foster, 2009). The study of Human noise Pollution on Whitetail Deer Populations is a study that has never been conducted before. However whitetail deer have been studied with multiple experiments. To begin noise pollution is a harmful of unwanted noise that affects ecosystems and habitats. The source of noise pollution usually comes from roads, apartment buildings, houses, shopping malls, and many other heavily populated areas that were once home to wildlife. But what happened to that wildlife? Did they move away or just get used to the pollution? Those questions are the basis of this research which is dealing with human noise pollution and the way it interferes with the wildlife in that ecosystem particularly focusing in on the whitetail deer. Literature Review Noise Pollution is a controllable pollutant to it mainly being cause by vehicles, planes, boats, and anything else that uses a motor. Noise pollution can affect mating success, predator detection and parental response to begging calls (Lackey, Morrison, and Loan, 2011 This particular pollution is measured in decibels which controls the noise frequency and pitch of the noise being made. In this research however decibels will not be used to measure the noise level, the amount of time will control the noise level. Whitetail deer (independent variable) are named for its most distinctive torture, the large whitetail. There are three different types of whitetail deer. There is the buck which is a mature male deer, then there is the doe which is the mature female deer, and then there is the fawn which is a baby whitetail deer which can either be male or female. Whitetail deer also have three coat patterns that change through aging and during the seasons. The first coat patter is that fawn coat patter that consists of hundreds of spots that fade with aging. Then, there is the winter coat pattern is a darker thicker coat that will keep the deer warm during the winter months. The third coat pattern is a eighth color and is super thin so that the whitetail deer may remain cool during the summer months. In this research the whitetail deer will be tested by the amount of deer that shows up with the different noise variables. The way that the whitetail deer will be tested will be by a Wildlife Infrared Extreme trail camera, which is a camera that is specifically designed to take pictures of wildlife. In this case it would be the whitetail deer. They then will be counted manually and recorded in the researchers data. Then this data will be used to calculate the mean number of whitetail deer that came in that rear a day over two week trial periods. In 2010 Heifer, H Jar. And Heifer, H. Stated in there research that whitetail deer have the largest economic impact of any wild animal in North America. Billions of dollars each year are spent on equipment and travel related to deer hunting (e. G. Convey 1997). However deer spread Lame disease causing millions of dollars of damage agriculturally. Also over a billion dollars to vehicles that collide with them each year (Cover, 1997, Schwas and Schumann, 2002). More than 100 people are killed each year due to deer-vehicular collisions, which makes the most armful part of environmental effects of roads vehicle-related moralities of wildlife (AltaVista, J. , and Dash J. , 2008). Noise pollution also affects workers that work around noise pollution (Toothache, Z, 201 1 the study showed how noise effects workers, and the environment while the building of a dam. Because of the amount of the noise that the workers and the environment has to take in during the day while the job is being conducted, there for making the workers loose there hearing. This relates to this project because this research tested what the noise did to the environment and the organisms that were within. In 1997 K. Swisher and Identical researched how whitetail deer are becoming major problems in communities today. The stated, Many communities are trying to regulate the deer populations that are closed from hunting. As long as adequate food sources are available deer populations will double every two to three years. Which is mainly due to the over population of the wildlife in that area because of the deforested area that was used to construct the communities. And what those members of the communities dont realize is that they are the cause for the abundance of whitetail deer in their area because were there house is those animals used o live. Another study conducted by S. Webb and K. Gee in 2009 was based on the survival and fidelity of the whitetail deer. They examined marked deer recaptures and sightings over a thirteen year period on an enclosed population of whitetail deer in Oklahoma, LISA. The researchers tested the survival and fidelity parameter. They found that the number of animals that are enclosed by fences have increased which created issues with the breeding habits and individual populations. The researchers also found that male deer had a 58% survival rate during hunting season compared to the 78% of the females during the hunting season. A study conducted by F. Wickedly and J. Foster in 2009, researchers used a Powders estimator to find the number of whitetail deer in a two hundred and fourteen hectare area in Texas. The researchers also used a corn supplement to attract the whitetail deer to their testing area. However in this research there will be no corn supplement used in conducting this research, the sample will be completely natural. B. Miller and R. Denying in 201 0 conducted research on the whitetail deer on the amount of whitetail deer in a given area. Clover Traps were used which are baited traps with kernel corn that the deer eat. These researchers collected data from whitetail deer from Feb.. 27th 1999 to the 19th of March 2005. These deer where physically restrained, blindfolded, and given an intramuscular injection of Calamine hydrochloride (1 00 MGM/ml) which is a tranquilizer shot, at a dosage of 2. 2 MGM/keg body mass. Then those deer were fixed with plastic ear tags which told there estimated age. Methodology The procedures that the researcher will need to follow if in need of conducting this project are as follows. Obtain a wooded area of which there is a population of whitetail deer that the researcher may conduct the experiment on. Note that the researcher must have at least a 5 acre perimeter of woodland area around the researchers test sight so that the research will not affect other populations. Then, Obtain a Wildlife Infrared Extreme trail camera. This is a water proof outdoor camera that uses a motion detector to take pictures during the day and at night. Obtain an alarm motion detector that is suitable for being outside and being wet. Drive way alarms for cars seem to work very well. (Note: Have not found the alarm product name yet and still needed for project) After the materials have been gathered, in researchers wooded area find a suitable place to place the Wildlife Infrared Extreme trail camera so that it will have a good view of the area that will be tested. Post it on the suitable tree and make sure that the camera is taking pictures by moving in front of the camera and seeing if a red light comes on when the researcher goes by. Place the remote control motion detector underneath the trail camera so that the camera can take the picture of any whitetail deer in that area when the alarm is going off, and when the motion detector is not in use (Control Variable No Noise). Next depending on what independent variable (Noise) that is being tested set the allotted time or the motion detector to run, before leaving again make sure that the two materials are working by walking in front of the materials. The camera should blink red and the motion detector should sound. After, let the materials sit out in the woods for the 2 week trial periods. Finally, after the 2 week trial period is over go back to the research area and retrieve the Wildlife Infrared Extreme trail cameras memory card. Then replace the memory card with a new blank memory card by inserting it into the designated slot. Make sure to leave the camera out there so the researcher would not have to repeat steps and 4. Repeat steps 6, 7, and 8 for the other independent variables. After receiving the memory chip: First, manually count each deer seen in each picture so that the researcher may record you data in their lab notebook. The researcher might also want to record dates, an times so that they find the mean, and mode for each day and time. So that there is data on what day out of the trial period the Whitetail deer moved the most and what the mean and mode was for the time of day also during the 2 week trial lengths. To better understand the Whitetail deers movement patterns due to the noise pollution. Next, plug in the researchers data in Maintain to get the mean, and mode for the movement patterns due to the noise pollution in the Whitetail deers environment. Record researchers data in their lab notebook, and then repeat steps 1-3 for each independent variables trial. Data Interpretation The levels and options of my independent variable are a control which will be the environmental noise that is already in the area that I will be testing. This means that will have to be done on this trial period is set up the motion detector and the trail camera. Another level of this project is the low noise eating which will be a certain time period that the noise will be on so to speak. The next variable will be the medium noise setting which will be a time period that fall be extend from the low setting. The final noise setting will be the high which will be the noise being produce 24 hours at a time for each day. The units and measurement technique for my dependent variable is that the researcher will be manually going through and counting each deer that are seen in all of the pictures. Then they will see what noise setting the picture was taken during and calculate my data. The researcher will also see hat the mean number of deer there was that came in the testing area for each day and noise level. The descriptive statistics that will be used in this research is mean which is due to the need to find out what the mean number of whitetail deer there were in that particular area at that time and what the mean number of whitetail deer there were in that particular area at that time and what the mean number of deer was that came in that area in that two week trial period every day. An NOVA test will be used for inferential statistics so that sample data can be compared to the overall population. This ill allow the researcher to see the number of whitetail deer out of that population that is affected by each noise level. The overall outcome (hypothesis) that is thought to happen in this experiment is, if there is a substantial amount of human population noise in a given area, and then the number of Whitetail deer in that area will be lower. This means that when there is an increase in the amount of noise in this experiment then the number of deer visiting that area will decline. Data Collection Table: Trial # I Control of Deer) I Low (# of Deer) I Deer) I High ( # of Deer) I Trial #1 h weekly h weekly h weekly h weekly Trial #2 h weekly h weekly h weekly h weekly Above is the data collection table that includes three trial periods for each independent variable. With each trial period lasting for two week periods, that are being tested one after another a day apart. Data Analysis Figure 1 shows that the number Of deer in the picture if counted manually was 4, the time was at 8:40 in the morning and it was 9-2-11. There were a total number of 493 pictures like the one below that had more and less than the one below. Figure 1 shows that the number of deer in the picture if counted manually During this research 493 photographs were used to collect qualitative and initiative data, like the one shown below. The photographs show that there are deer coming into the area, what time they came in, the date, and if it was during the day or at night. The photo below is a photo taken from the control period of this experiment.

Jerry Rice essays

Jerry Rice essays Jerry Rice was born in the town of Crawford, Mississippi, on October 13, 1962; he was the sixth of eight children. His parents Joe and Eddie B. worked hard to provide for them. Jerry and his brothers and sisters worked together to help their dad out in his bricklaying business. Jerry learned several things from the way that he grew up. He learned the emphasis on hard work and its rewards, this sharing of responsibility. This led to things that define Jerry Rice  ¡V he has a strong work ethic, intensity, leadership, and he is dedicated to his family. Jerry was always active and energetic when he was young, Jerry loved to run, ride horses, and play the sports that most kids do with their friends today. Jerry rice was shy and rather quite when he was young but he excelled at sports in high school, he played basketball, track and field, and during his last two years of high school, football. Both Jerry and his older brother, Tom, were talented players and both were offered football scholarships to college. Tom (his brother) went to Jackson State and the family had great hopes that he would be drafted to a pro team but that didn ¡t work out. Jerry attracted the attention of several colleges, but he accepted the offer from Mississippi Valley State after being scouted by that team ¡s coach, Archie Cooley. The Delta Devils (the team that jerry played for) had a strong passing offence which gave Jerry four years to work on the skills that would take him to the top of the list of NFL receivers. He caught 112 receptions for 1,845 yards and 28 touchdowns in his senior year. By the time he left college he had set 18 NCAA Division II records, finishing with a college career total of 4,693 receiving yards. Although scouts were impressed with his outstanding performance on the field and his leadership abilities, they were curious about his speed. There were strong doubts among many of them that he would be able to pl ...

Business analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business analysis - Essay Example The figure has covered all necessary parts that it could however it represents a very narrowed approach in terms services imported by Australia from US. Instead of the portion of ‘other services’, there should have been defined and represented the services more clearly than just putting them all into one category. Other than that, the diagram perfectly presents the actual message, i.e. increased imports since the last 20 years and does not seem to be misleading. The second figure shown below is a table that discusses the total trade that has been made between US and Australia in four different fiscal years. (Figure 2) The main conclusion that has been actually been drawn from the figure is that the total trade has been increasing between Australia and US. The total exports have risen from 1984-85 to 1999-00, where the pace of rising imports has been faster than imports. Resultantly, the trade balance of Australia has been affected in negative numbers, where the country i s importing more and exporting less to US, but over the trade has been expanded. The data given in the table has projected the authentic information. Therefore, given the context of the information, there might not be need for an improvement in the figure. Additionally, the diagram could be misleading if the currency value had not been defined above, as then the numbers could not describe the actual value in financial terms. The third figure selected is a histogram which shows the levels of foreign investments made in Australia by different countries in the world. (Figure 3) The figure concludes the fact that highest investments have been made by US and the European countries which are directly the part of European Union. The data is selected from the 6 years period, i.e. from 1994-95 to 1999-00. The increasing trend in each case (EU, ASEAN, China/HK, USA, NZ, Japan, and Other) shows that foreign direct investment got an overall increment of 150% in Australia only. A further improve ment in this histogram can be made in terms of separating the significant countries from EU so that they could be individually compared to the FDI made by US alone. The only misleading thing that can be noticed in the figure is about the colors of the bars that represent a specific financial year, as it is a bit confusing as only grey and blue colors have been represented to describe 6 years, whereas different colors could show the figure more clearly to those who don’t understand it well. 2 (B): The data given below in figure (4) is related to the top 15 countries of very high human development index (HDI). The values of HDI of different periods/years are shown below: (Figure 4) The figure represents simple data with HDI of 15 countries over a 31 year period. The one factor common in all the countries is that HDI is increasing, and how much or with what percentage it is increasing can be represented through a histogram, shown in figure 5 below: (Figure 5) The figure above no w shows a clear representation of the values of HDI for 15 countries. A keen look at the picture shows that HDI among the top 15 countries has significantly increased for Norway, Ireland, Germany, Hong Kong, China, Iceland, and Denmark. The mentioned countries seem to

Disaster Recovery Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Disaster Recovery - Assignment Example The malware was discovered by Kaspersky lab technicians and who unearthed the stream of bank robberies through hacking that have been going on (Sanger & Perlroth, 2015). This banking disaster in several banks online is an indication of the lack of a disaster recovery plan in place and especially the one which acts as a preventive plan. If any of the hacked banks had enacted a preventive disaster recovery plan in place, this incidence would not have affected them. It would also have been detected earlier than it was and much of the already lost money would have been prevented. A disaster recovery prevention plan ensures that any attempt at hacking of the banking systems let alone hacking for a period of two to four months to simply get feedback through video feeds from employees’ computers would have been detected and prevented or dealt with (Whitman & Mattord 148). There is dire need to correct this is the banks hope to beat this gang as well as prevent such future incidences. Sanger, David & Nicole Perlroth. Bank Hackers Steal Millions via Malware. The New York Times, February 14th 2015. Retrieved from

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 14

Leadership - Essay Example The proposed steps for this leadership plan are as follows: (a) Appoint an IT strategy team consisting of a Head of the group, a head of IT and at least three project development managers. This team should solicit ideas from team members and employees as well as focus groups on how the IT department’s performance can be improved. On the basis of these suggestions, revisions can be made to an existing plan on an annual basis. These revisions can also take into account the results derived from implementation of the Plan in the previous year and the loopholes or failures identified. (b) Incorporate measures in the Plan to prevent business failure. According to Pabrai (2004), a Disaster recovery Plan sets out the procedures to be followed in the event of errors caused by humans, environmental failures and natural disasters. Errors caused due to humans would also include failures and losses caused to the business due to terrorist attacks, while losses of data resulting from power outages and network failures could be classed as environmental failures. Losses to the business caused by natural events could include hurricanes, floods and similar natural calamities. Including a Disaster recovery element within the Plan would ensure that the Plan lays out specific procedures to tackle any of the above calamities. This would help the business to be prepared, so that employees are aware of procedures to be followed in tackling any emergencies and losses to the business can be minimized. Leadership has traditionally been associated with management, but this may not necessarily represent an accurate view because managers think incrementally while leaders think radically. Moreover, leadership involves a transformation in individuals, according to Spencer, â€Å"â€Å"transformational leadership is a process that changes and transforms individuals†. (Spencer 1).

Processes for the Classification of Organisms

Processes for the Classification of Organisms Classification of living organisms is the process of identifying, naming and sorting organisms in groups, based on their comparable genetic composition, similar characteristics, like development, certain growth requirements or that are found in only specific locations. Classification is like a short hand for scientists to improve understanding of behaviours, lives and the evolutionary advance of billions of life forms. Classification also allows communication between people regarding living organisms. Classification of many species, old and new, continues to be fiercely disputed as scientists find new information or interpret facts in different ways. Arguments between professionals in the field are vicious and as a result of new technologies sometimes species do change names, but only after an abundance of information has been gathered to support such a large change.   Ã‚   Throughout history we have gone from having originally only two kingdoms, to three, then four, five and now currently six. It is a constantly evolving process and due to the continuous development of new technologies such as DNA testing, electron microscopes and molecular sequencing there will almost certainly be more kingdoms in time to come (Lee and Bishop 2010). The classification system was born through the works of the ancient Greek philosopher and scientist Aristotle (384-322 BC). Aristotle had the foresight to document the differences he noted between objects that appeared to be living into two separate categories: plants and animals. Plants were observed to be primarily green in colour and were immobile and as such it seemed they must make their own food, whilst animals were mobile and could therefore move around and find food (Lee and Bishop 2010). In the 18th century, Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus refined the existing classification system of Aristotle and published a new method for classifying living things which has evolved into the modern day classification system. (Science Hub, accessed 18/2/2017) Linnaeus was the first scientist to develop a hierarchal naming structure that conveyed information both about what the species what else it me be relatives to through family grouping. Linnaeus system was able to communicate the intricate relationships between organisms to scientists worldwide and is why it was so widely accepted. Similarly to Aristotle, Linnaeus also acknowledged the differences between the two living groups and adopted the term Kingdoms to describe them. In the late 1670s a scientist named Van Leeuwenhoek discovered bacterial cells with the first microscope (Lee and Bishop, 2010). As scientists began using the microscope they were able to now evaluate single-celled organisms that had been previously unknown. These single cell organisms were classified as either plants or animals depending on the qualities they were found to have. Some single celled organisms identified were bacteria which where classified as animals. Other single-celled organisms that appeared to make their own food were classified as plants. Single cell protozoa were identified and amongst the properties of protozoa it was identified that could move on their own, as such, they were classified as animals. As more single-celled organisms were identified, many would not fit easily into either the plant or the animal kingdom as some had traits of both plants and animals. As a result, scientists could not agree on how to classify them. To address this problem, in 1866, b iologist Ernst Haeckel created a third kingdom for all single-celled organisms. This third Kingdom he named Protista (Burton and Engelkirk, 2000). In 1892 two scientists Beijerinck and Ivanoski also discovered the first viruses. Viruses however were not included in the classification system because they are not living cells (Lee and Bishop, 2010). Haeckels Protist Kingdom represented all of the known single-celled organisms, including both bacteria and protozoa. However it wasnt until the 1900s with the refinement of microscope technology that scientists discovered that bacteria were dissimilar from both plant and animal cells but also protozoa. The bacterial cell does not contain a nucleus, rather its DNA is located in the cytoplasm of the cell. Figures 1 and 2 demonstrate the differences between a bacterial cell with no nucleus and an animal cell which contains a nucleus (Modern Classification Systems accessed 20/2/2017). In the 1920s, microbiologist Edouard Chatton gave bacteria the name prokaryotes. He described a prokaryote as an organism whose cells were without nuclei. He gave the name eukaryotes to all other organisms (Caprette, accessed 7/2/2017). Chatton suggested placing prokaryotes and eukaryotes in a new taxon above the kingdom, called the Superkingdom. However, this idea did not become popular, and most biologists continued to put bacteria in the protist kingdom. Over the next several decades, scientists learned more about the large number and variety of microorganisms such as bacteria. They considered a need for a distinct bacteria kingdom. By 1956, biologist Herbert Copeland suggested placing bacteria in a new kingdom called Monera. With the addition of the Monera kingdom, the Linnaean taxonomy converted to a four-kingdom system. The next large development in the kingdom classification structure came in the 1960s. Robert Whittaker, an ecologist, planned to add a fifth kingdom to the Linnaean taxonomy to represent fungi. Up until this time fungi had been categorized into the plant kingdom. Whittaker separated fungi from plants on the basis that fungi do not make their own food but gain nutrients by breaking down dead organisms. He also proposed Kingdom Prokaryotae (as an extra to Monera) to include all of the prokaryotes, which were all considered to be bacteria (Freedman, 2006). By the 1970s, scientists had begun to classify organisms in ways that reflected evolutionary relationships. (Lewis, accessed 21/2/2017) They had also started using nucleic acid base arrangements to identify these relationships. These organisms are so small that they have limited physical qualities however nucleic acid sequence data are useful for studying bacteria. Examination of bacterial nucleic acid sequences has demonstrated that bacteria include two separate groups of organisms. Using genetics to compare and contrast the different bacteria Carl Woese, a microbiologist, proposed there were both true bacteria and ancient bacteria. The two different types of bacteria were found to have different ways of creating energy. Unlike true bacteria, ancient bacteria get energy from a wide variety of unusual sources, such as hydrogen, metal ions and ammonia, and their cell membranes have a different structure, with ether-linked fats instead of the ester-linked fats found in the membranes of true bacteria. (Burton, Engelkirk Paul, 2000) and the ancient bacteria could also endure severe environments and temperatures. The two groups were called Eubacteria and Archaebacteria. Both Eubacteria and Archaebacteria are in the prokaryotic kingdom (Bird et al. 2014). However perhaps in time their classification will diversify into two separate kingdoms. The process of classification itself is constantly evolving and is forever under construction, with the discovery of new organisms all the time; which invariably leads to more taxonomic groups being created. When new organisms are discovered they may not fit into a specific group, therefore a new group may need to be created. The discovery of the true and ancient bacteria lead the question that as new discoveries are made with advancing DNA, and molecular sequencing technology there will almost certainly be the classification not only of a sixth Kingdom but several more Kingdoms in the future. Bibliography History of Taxonomy Ricky, Lewis  http://www.biologyreference.com/Ta-Va/Taxonomy-History-of.html  Last Accessed Tuesday 21 February 2017   Modern Classification Systems CK-12s High School Biology textbook  https://opencurriculum.org/5366/modern-classification-systems/  Last Accessed Monday 20th February 2017 Power point SCB61 Biodiversity and Connectedness Trinity Christian School  Last Accessed Friday 10th February 2017 Experimental Biosciences, Resources for introductory intermediate level laboratory courses. David R. Caprette, Rice University.  http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/studies/invertebrates/kingdoms.html  Last Accessed 7 February 27, 2017 The six Kingdoms,  http://www.ric.edu/faculty/ptiskus/six_kingdoms/  Last Accessed 7 February 2017 The Applications and Limitations of Taxonomy (In classification of organisms) An anthology of Current Thought.  Published 2006, Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. Copyright 2006. First Edition.  Edited by Jeri Freedman. Nelson Biology Units 1 2 For the Australian Curriculum. First Edition  Bird Stephen, Borger Pam, Evergreen Merrin, Martin Genevieve, Pappas Xenia, Walker Katrina, Woolnough Jim, Wright Jane,  Published by Nelson, 2014. Microbiology for the Health Sciences, Sixth Edition  Burton R.W G, Engelkirk G. Paul.  Published by Lippincott Williams Wilkins, 2000. Microbiology and infection control for health professionals. Fourth Edition.Lee Gary, Bishop Penny  Published by Pearson Publishing, 2010. Science learning hub Classification System. The university of Waikato https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1438-classification-system Carl Woese, a microbiologist, proposed there were both true bacteria and ancient bacteria Last Accessed 18 February 2017

Structure in Sophocles Antigone Essay -- Antigone essays S

Structure in Sophocles' Antigone  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   Aristotle in his Poetics (chap. 7) says: ?[L]et us now discuss the proper structure of the plot, since this is the first and most important thing in tragedy? (1033). M. H. Abrams says that ?almost all literary theorists since Aristotle have emphasized the importance of structure, conceived in diverse ways, in analyzing a work of literature? (300). The matter of the structure of Sophocles? Antigone is a subject of varying interpretation among literary critics, as this essay will reveal. Gilbert Murray, professor at Oxford University in England, cites structure as one of the reasons why he chose Sophocles to translate. Then he elaborates on this structure: ?But Sophocles worked by blurring his structural outlines just as he blurs the ends of his verses. In him the traditional divisions are all made less distinct, all worked over the direction of greater naturalness. . . .This was a very great gain. . . .? (107). Murray here refers to Sophocles? modification of the classic structure for tragic drama. This is distinct from what Aristotle above refers to as the ?structure of the plot.? The classic structure for drama includes: Prologue ? everything up to the chorus; Parodos ? the chorus? sings; First Episode ? development of plot by main character(s); First Stasimon ? the chorus again; Repetition of Episodes and Stasimons until the climax is near; Exodos ? the climax, crisis, and catastrophe. As Murray notes, Sophocles does not adhere to the classical structure as rigid ly as other dramatists of the period. Aristotle?s ?structure of the plot? is what most literary critics mean when they refer to the ?structure? of Antigone. In Chapter 18 of the Poetics Aristotle states: ?Ever... ...s Hurt. NewYork: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1984.    Murray, Gilbert. ?A Great Translator?s Reflections on Oedipus the King.? In Readings on Sophocles, edited by Don Nardo. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1997.    Segal, Charles Paul. ?Sophocles? Praise of Man and the Conflicts of the Antigone.? In Sophocles: A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by Thomas Woodard. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966.    Sophocles. Antigone. Translated by R. C. Jebb. The Internet Classic Archive. no pag. http://classics.mit.edu/Sophocles/antigone.html    ?Sophocles? In Literature of the Western World, edited by Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. NewYork: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1984.    Woodard, Thomas. Introduction. In Sophocles: A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by Thomas Woodard. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966.

Is “Mass Marketing” Dead? Essay

Ans: Mass marketing is the concept that consumers will favour products that are available and highly affordable. Now a days , Product variety and target marketing originated from the mass marketing based on organizational resources and sound financial position to capture whole market. Critics demonstrated that Customers change their need , want and demand based on changing taste overtime. Marketers also change their strategy to make sure more and more create customer value through those marketing attitude. Mass marketing is still useful philosophy in two types of following situation: 1. At the first that demand of the product exceeds thesupply. In this context , management can increase production. 2. Secondly, product cost is too high. At that stage , improvement production is needed to bring it down. To control the whole market with effectively and efficiently , marketers should certitude resources and finacnce. Thus , therefore, management can make a decision whether they may follo w mass marketing or not. Finally, mass marketing may actively follow or not based on companies overall position. I believe that mass marketing is dead theoretically. In practically, by measuring mass marketing weight with oither concept, we should recognize that mass marketing is even not come very close to dead. 2. Mass marketing is still viable way to build a profitable brand? Ans: Mass marketing is the top most one viable way to build a profitable brand. But, achieving company goal through its strategy, company needs resources so that company can create , communicate and delivery to consumer to market with effectively and efficiently. In this context, larger company can make sure profit through this marketing procedure . On the other hand , no make sure profit by smaller company by using product variety or target marketing concept. Product variety and target marketing depends on segmentation level with its effective segmentation.Critics sometimes demonstrated that to make the company object, it has to match with capable and efficient resource. Depends on companies resource capability, compan y may decide whether mass marketing would be viable or product variety or target marketing concept would be viable. Finally, we can say that mass marketing is still viable way to build a profitable brand .

Photoelectric Effect and Einsteins 1921 Nobel Prize

Photoelectric Effect and Einsteins 1921 Nobel Prize The photoelectric effect posed a significant challenge to the study of optics in the latter portion of the 1800s. It challenged the classical wave theory of light, which was the prevailing theory of the time. It was the solution to this physics dilemma that catapulted Einstein into prominence in the physics community, ultimately earning him the 1921 Nobel Prize. What Is the Photoelectric Effect? Annalen der Physik When a light source (or, more generally, electromagnetic radiation) is incident upon a metallic surface, the surface can emit electrons. Electrons emitted in this fashion are called photoelectrons (although they are still just electrons). This is depicted in the image to the right. Setting Up the Photoelectric Effect By administering a negative voltage potential (the black box in the picture) to the collector, it takes more energy for the electrons to complete the journey and initiate the current. The point at which no electrons make it to the collector is called the stopping potential Vs, and can be used to determine the maximum kinetic energy Kmax of the electrons (which have electronic charge e) by using the following equation: Kmax eVs The Classical Wave Explanation Iwork function phiPhi Three main predictions come from this classical explanation: The intensity of the radiation should have a proportional relationship with the resulting maximum kinetic energy.The photoelectric effect should occur for any light, regardless of frequency or wavelength.There should be a delay on the order of seconds between the radiation’s contact with the metal and the initial release of photoelectrons. The Experimental Result The intensity of the light source had no effect on the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons.Below a certain frequency, the photoelectric effect does not occur at all.There is no significant delay (less than 10-9 s) between the light source activation and the emission of the first photoelectrons. As you can tell, these three results are the exact opposite of the wave theory predictions. Not only that, but they are all three completely counter-intuitive. Why would low-frequency light not trigger the photoelectric effect, since it still carries energy? How do the photoelectrons release so quickly? And, perhaps most curiously, why does adding more intensity not result in more energetic electron releases? Why does the wave theory fail so utterly in this case when it works so well in so many other situation Einstein's Wonderful Year Albert Einstein Annalen der Physik Building on Max Plancks blackbody radiation theory, Einstein proposed that radiation energy is not continuously distributed over the wavefront, but is instead localized in small bundles (later called photons). The photons energy would be associated with its frequency (ÃŽ ½), through a proportionality constant known as Plancks constant (h), or alternately, using the wavelength (ÃŽ ») and the speed of light (c): E hÃŽ ½ hc / ÃŽ » or the momentum equation: p h / ÃŽ » ÃŽ ½Ãâ€  If, however, there is excess energy, beyond φ, in the photon, the excess energy is converted into the kinetic energy of the electron: Kmax hÃŽ ½ - φ The maximum kinetic energy results when the least-tightly-bound electrons break free, but what about the most-tightly-bound ones; The ones in which there is just enough energy in the photon to knock it loose, but the kinetic energy that results in zero? Setting Kmax equal to zero for this cutoff frequency (ÃŽ ½c), we get: ÃŽ ½c φ / h or the cutoff wavelength: ÃŽ »c hc / φ After Einstein Most significantly, the photoelectric effect, and the photon theory it inspired, crushed the classical wave theory of light. Though no one could deny that light behaved as a wave, after Einsteins first paper, it was undeniable that it was also a particle.

E-Business Strategy essays

E-Business Strategy essays EBusiness Strategy and Value Chain Analysis What value does eBusiness have in the strategic planning of a company? Will it really help, and if so, how? In this essay we will briefly explore why the careful examination of a corporations activities and the possibility of incorporating eBusiness strategies can be very beneficial to a firms success. Value chain analysis is a systematic way of examining all the activities a firm performs and how they interact (Porter, 1985). A firm gains competitive advantage by performing these strategically important activities more cheaply or better than its competitors. Every company is a collection of activities that are performed to design, produce and market, deliver, and support its product. All of these activities can be represented using a value chain. The value chain as described by Porter (1985) incorporates five primary activities: inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and service. These activities contribute to the physical creation of the product or service, its sale and transfer to the buyer and its service after the sale (Porter, 1985). The first category in the value chain is inbound logistics. The primary activity of inbound logistics is associated with receiving, storing, and distributing inputs to the product (Porter, 1985). Some examples of these activities might include material warehousing, inventory control, vehicle scheduling, and returns to suppliers. Many of these activities can be handled with the aid of internet technologies. Just-in-time (JIT) inventory systems are one example of internet systems designed to achieve efficient inbound logistics (manufacturing.net). Toyota is one company that has incorporated these technologies into their eBusiness strategy. Toyota has systems which enable parts to be delivered at the assembly plants only hours before they are needed. The implementation of this strategy helps Toyot...

Diversity in Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Diversity in Organizations - Essay Example In the case of I.T. business relationship established between India and US companies the factors that need to be assessed are more specific. The ability to understand the difference in workforce demographics by all levels of management, categorisation of diversity, establishing necessary legal framework relating to diversity issues like employment discrimination and creation of equal employment opportunity are the few important factors that need careful attention. The initiatives for diversity management must precede proper understanding of the above mentioned factors. A brief analysis of the important factors that need to be considered in the US-India business relationship are given below. Both India and United States belong to the group of countries that have highly diverse societies. The business relationship between two nations also have different type of diversity challenges and priorities. The highly skewed pattern of access to professional education, socialization and career progression in India creates tremendous pressure on locating, retraining and moulding the newly recruits to the expected level of competence desired. Thus non-uniform distribution of talent is the major bottleneck faced by overseas IT enterprises trying to establish business relationship in Indian mainland (Schome, n.d.). The task of managing the diversity in India would also be a new experience for American managers as they have been exposed to totally different requirements when compared to their previous experience back home. The American society is more adaptable to the changes required due to the huge entry of immigrants and or those underrepresented segment of the population. These man agers have had an earlier experience of creating an environment of social bond inspite of the prevailing diversity. Perception on diversity The major difference in the perception of the diversity across two nations clearly conveys the true picture on the diversity perception. The religion, gender, birth place, caste etc are the major diversity issues encountering an Indian. While in US they also include disability, age, marital status, immigration / citizenship status and sexual orientation (Schome, n.d). Legal Framework US have a very strong legal framework to ensure more robust policies with proper legal action being enforced against the corporate offenders. And these action are often highlighted as the cases of the best corporate practices. While in India, the things are more weak and the system lack proper legal support for any discriminatory practices. All the government and public sector undertaking bodies in India have a system of reservation, where a specified percentage of positions are earmarked for the people representing different caste/religion/section. Management Plan The diversity initiatives at workplace must facilitate easy exchange of new ideas and perceptions among all the members of the working group. Further, it would also help wider participation among all by inviting suggestions and solutions to important issues and thus ensure a respectful and acceptable work environment in the organization (Reichenburg,

Best Practice Approach in Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Best Practice Approach in Marketing - Essay Example Marketing is the social process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others. Marketing is a process in which an organization identifies the need of a customer and brings to the market a product which satisfied that need, the customer buys the product for satisfaction of the need which results in profit for the organization. It is mutually beneficial process. Marketing is very dynamic function and its definition has been evolving through time. In 1985, The American Marketing Association defined marketing as â€Å"Marketing is the process of planning and executing conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of goods, ideas and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals.† In 2004 the definition was changed to â€Å"Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing custo mer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders.† And again as marketing grew into a broader term in 2007 the AMA defined marketing as â€Å"Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.† This definition defines marketing as a process that creates something of value for anybody who has a need of that value. Target market is a very key marketing element. An organizational cannot produce enough to satisfy all the needs of all the people. It has to target the customers whom it feels it can satisfy through its organizational processes in a mutually beneficial way.... ting is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large." This definition defines marketing as a process that creates something of value for anybody who has a need of that value. Elements of the Marketing Concept (200) Target market is a very key marketing element. An organizational cannot produce enough to satisfy all the needs of all the people. It has to target the customers whom it feels it can satisfy through its organizational processes in a mutually beneficial way. It has to evaluate itself and the market to find who it can cater too The second key element of the marketing concept is trying to satisfy the needs and wants of the customers of the selected target market. For this purpose 4 elements are identified and called the marketing mix. (Frederick Crane, 2003) These are controllable variables which are used to increase the level of satisfaction for the customer. These elements are: 1- Product- It is what the organization wants to sell to the customer considering the value and benefits it will produce for the customer. 2- Price- It is the price that the customer will have to pay to attain the product to satisfy his needs. 3- Place- It is where the product is going to be sold, in retail stores, in exclusive stores, what distribution channel will be used to make the product accessible. Place should always be selected as per the convenience of the customer. 4- Promotion- It is the type of promotional tools used to promote the product, like advertising, package design, sales techniques and personal relations tactics. Promotion should be able to communicate things that needed to be told to the customer, very well. Coordinated